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Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika dan IPA
Published by Universitas Tanjungpura
ISSN : 20860234     EISSN : 25797530     DOI : 10.26418
Core Subject : Science, Education, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Chemistry Education Mathematics Physics
JPMIPA is a journal publishing the mathematic, biology, chemistry, and physic also natural science mathematic eduacation, biology education, physic education, chemistry education, natural science education.
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Articles 12 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 9, No 2 (2018): Juli 2018" : 12 Documents clear
KOTAK POP-UP BERBASIS PROBLEM SOLVING: PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN PADA MATERI CAHAYA DAN ALAT-ALAT OPTIK UNTUK KELAS VIII SMP Mahayani, Septi; Irwandani, Irwandani; Yuberti, Yuberti; Widayanti, Widayanti
Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika dan IPA Vol 9, No 2 (2018): Juli 2018
Publisher : Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (882.49 KB) | DOI: 10.26418/jpmipa.v9i2.25847

Abstract

AbstractThis research aims to; 1) Determine the feasibility of learning media in the form of a pop-up box based on problem solving as a media for learning physics, 2) to know the attractiveness of learning media in the form of pop-up box based on problem solving as a medium of physics learning. This research is an R & D research that adopts the development of Borg &Gallyang has been modified by Sugiono. Subjects in this study are students class VIII SMPN 5 Bandarlampung, SMP WIYATAMA Bandarlampung and MTS Al-Huda JatiAgung with data collection instruments used in the form of questionnaires given to material experts, media experts, educators physics junior high school to test the quality of media learning and questionnaire response learners to know the interest / response of learners to learning media developed. The type of data generated is qualitative data which is analyzed by guidance criteria of rating category to determine product quality using Likert scale. The results of this study are; 1) Produce a pop-up box product as a learning medium; the product quality that has been developed is "very feasible" with percentage based on expert material appraisal, 89,67% by media expert equal to 89,77% and educator of junior high school with percentage equal to 91,11%; 2) Student response conducted with small group trial and VIII class trial in 3 (three) schools with 95.47% feasibility percentage and field trials in 3 (three) schools each at SMPN 5 Bandarlampung 92,54%, SMP WIYATAMA Bandarlampung 95,50%, and MTS Al-Huda JatiAgung 93,6%.Keywords: Research and Development, Learning Media, Pop-Up BoxAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk; 1) Mengetahui kelayakan media pembelajaran berupa kotak Pop-up berbasis problem solving sebagai media pembeljaran fisika; 2) Mengetahui kemenarikan media pembelajaran berupa kotak pop-up berbasis problem solving sebagai media pembelajaran fisika. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian R&D yang mengadopsi pengembangan dari Borg & Gall yang telah dimodifikasi oleh Sugiono. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas VIII SMPN 5 Bandarlampung, SMP WIYATAMA Bandarlampung  dan MTS Al-Huda Jati Agung dengan instrument pengumpulan data yang digunakan berupa angket yang diberikan kepada ahli materi, ahli media, tenaga pendidik fisika SMP untuk menguji kualitas media pembelajaran dan angketr espon peserta didik untuk mengetahui ketertarikan/respon peserta didik terhadap media pembelajaran yang dikembangkan. Jenis data yang dihasilkan adalah data kualitatif yang dianalisis dengan pedoman kriteria kategori penilaian untuk menentukan kualitas produk menggunakan skala Likert. Hasil penelitian ini adalah; 1) Menghasilkan produk berupa kotak pop-up sebagai media pembelajaran; kualitas produk yang telah dikembangkan adalah “sangat layak” dengan persentase berdasarkan penilaian ahli materi, 89,67% oleh ahli media sebesar 89,77 % dan tenaga pendidik SMP dengan persentasese besar 91,11%; 2) Respon pesertadidik yang dilakukan dengan uji coba kelompok kecil dan uji coba lapangan kelasVIII di 3 (tiga) Sekolah dengan persentase kelayakan 95,47% dan uji coba lapangan di 3 (tiga) Sekolah masing-masing sebesardi SMPN 5 Bandarlampung 92,54%, SMP WIYATAMA Bandarlampung 95,50%, dan MTS Al-Huda Jati Agung 93,6%.Kata kunci :Penelitian dan Pengembangan, Media Pembelajaran, Kotak Pop-Up
ANALISIS PRESTASI AKADEMIK MAHASISWA LULUSAN JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN MIPA FKIP UNTAN DITINJAU DARI JALUR MASUK (SNMPTN, SBMPTN, MANDIRI) DAN PROGRAM KULIAH (S-1 REGULER, S-1 PERCEPATAN APK) Djudin, Tomo
Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika dan IPA Vol 9, No 2 (2018): Juli 2018
Publisher : Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (496.247 KB) | DOI: 10.26418/jpmipa.v9i2.25867

Abstract

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk memperoleh gambaran obyektif dan akurat terkait prestasi akademik ditinjau dari jalur masuk (SNMPTN, SBMPTN, dan Mandiri) dan program kuliah (S-1 Reguler dan Percepatan APK)  mahasiswa jurusan Pendidikan MIPA FKIP di Universitas Tanjungpura Pontianak.  Metode dan bentuk penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif-komparasional dan deskriptif-korelasional. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 620 mahasiswa diambil menggunakan proportioned stratified random sampling. Data berbentuk Indeks Prestasi Kumulatif (IPK) dan Lama (tahun) Studi Mahasiswa dikumpulkan menggunakan teknik dokumenter (bersumber dari SIAKAD Biro Administrasi Akademik dan Kemahasiswaan Universitas Tanjungpura.Berdasarkan analisis data, secara deskriptif diperoleh temuan bahwa prestasi akademik (IPK) mahasiswa lulusan (wisudawan 5 tahun akhir) jurusan PMIPA FKIP Universitas Tanjungpura Pontianak adalah 3,29 (termasuk kategori sangat memuaskan) dan rata-rata lama studi 4,79 tahun. Beberapa temuan lainnya adalah sebagai berikut: (1) Ada perbedaan (signifikan) prestasi akademik (IPK) mahasiswa lulusan jurusan PMIPA ditinjau dari jalur masuk (p ? 0,05). Tetapi, bila ditinjau dari program kuliah, perbedaan prestasi akademik mahasiswa tersebut tidak signifikan (p ? 0,05); (2) Ada perbedaan (signifikan) lama studi mahasiswa ditinjau dari jalur masuk dan program kuliah (p ? 0,05); Masa Studi mahasiswa Program S-1 Reguler lebih lama daripada masa studi mahasiswa Program S-1 Percepatan APK (Nonreguler); (3) Ada interaksi antara faktor jalur masuk dan program kuliah dalam mempengaruhi prestasi akademik dan lama studi mahasiswa; dan (4) Ada hubungan negatif cukup kuat dan signifikan antara prestasi akademik dan lama studi mahasiswa ( r = -0,536,  p ? 0,05).            Sejalan dengan temuan penelitian di atas, kepada pimpinan fakultas di FKIP Untan  direkomendasikan, antara lain. memperbaiki pangkalan data (data-base) mahasiswa dan menerjemahkannya sebagai salah satu masukan dalam proses perencanaan program pengelolaan insitusi yang terkait Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi. Kata Kunci :  analisis prestasi akademik, lama studi,  jalur masuk, program kuliah
PENERAPAN PENDEKATAN CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING DENGAN METODE OBSERVASI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PADA MATAKULIAH EKOLOGI DASAR Hanik, Nur Rokhimah; Harsono, Sri; Nugroho, Anwari Adi
Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika dan IPA Vol 9, No 2 (2018): Juli 2018
Publisher : Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (357.171 KB) | DOI: 10.26418/jpmipa.v9i2.26772

Abstract

                                                       ABSTRACT Implementation of learning at the university level is expected to be conducted interactively and motivate students to participate actively in learning activities. But the reality in learning, still found learning problems about the low learning activities and student learning outcomes. While as an educator, lecturers should be able to know the problems in the learning process or lectures as an effort to improve the quality of learning. Solution to overcome the problem is by giving learning with Contextual Teaching and Learning approach (CTL) through observation method applied in Basic Ecology subject.The purpose of this research is to improve student achievement in Basic Ecology subject through learning with CTL approach and observation method. Expectations from the results of this study is as an information or input that the strategy and learning model with the method of observation can overcome the lack of activity and low student learning outcomes caused by the dominance of female students and the diversity of high school students so that the classroom climate is often noisy and reduced concentration at the time of learning. This research is experimental research, with one class of experiment of Biology student of FKIP Univet Bantara Sukoharjo second semester of class of 2016/2017 taking Basic Ecology subject. The data were collected using observation and test sheets. Technique of data analysis using T test analysis. From the analysis with T test Paired sample for two groups of dependent or pairs on pretest and postes data obtained Asymp results. Sig (2 -tailled) below 0.05 is 0.00 then Ho is rejected. This means that there are significant differences in learning outcomes before (pretest) and after CTL learning with the method of Observation (postes) in Basic Ecology subject especially on the subject matter of Population and Bird Diversity. Thus, it can be concluded that learning CTL with Observation method can improve student achievement in Basic Ecology subject especially material Population or bird diversity. Keywords: CTL approach, Observation method, Basic Ecology course, Learning  Achievement 
KEMAMPUAN CALON GURU BIOLOGI MEMBUAT PERANGKAT PENILAIAN BERBASIS KURIKULUM 2013 Ningsih, Kurnia
Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika dan IPA Vol 9, No 2 (2018): Juli 2018
Publisher : Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (465.259 KB) | DOI: 10.26418/jpmipa.v9i2.25844

Abstract

ABSTRAKTujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kemampuan calon guru biologi membuat perangkat penilaian berbasis kurikulum 2013. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif, dengan subyek penelitian calon guru biologi yaitu mahasiswa yang mengambil mata kuliah micro teaching (PPL-1) semester genap tahun ajaran 2016/2017 pada program studi Pendidikan Biologi berjumlah 30 orang. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tes kemampuan membuat perangkat penilaian berbasis kurikulum 2013. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan metode deskriptif  dengan tahapan: pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, analisis data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa calon guru biologi mampu membuat perangkat penilaian berbasis Kurikulum 2013 secara keseluruhan diperoleh rata-rata sebesar 71,08%. Secara rinci kemampuan membuat penilaian sikap, pengetahuan, dan keterampilan berturut-turut adalah 81,67%, 70,42%, dan 69,17%. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan calon guru Biologi membuat perangkat penilaian berbasis Kurikulum 2013 tergolong baik. Kata kunci: kemampuan, membuat perangkat penilaian 
PENERAPAN METODE PEMBELAJARAN TUTOR SEBAYA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA DI SMA NEGERI 9 PONTIANAK Rosanti, Diana
Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika dan IPA Vol 9, No 2 (2018): Juli 2018
Publisher : Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (572.213 KB) | DOI: 10.26418/jpmipa.v9i2.26773

Abstract

Abstract This study aims to determine the improvement of student activity and learning outcomes in the system of linier equations of three variables using peer tutoring methods. Form of research is classroom action research consists of two cycles. Each cycle stage consists of planning, implementation, observation and reflection. Data collection was obtained by direct observation and test. Subject are students of class X (Sosial science) 1 SMAN 9 Pontianak. Based on the results of research, it can be concluded that learning by peer tutoring methods can improve the activity and learning outcomes of students. This is marked by the increase of student activity average starting from cycle I of 2.96 (good category) to 3.51 (very good category) in cycle II with percentage increase of 58.33%. There is an increase because the tutor understands the material and has a good emotional level towards his friend. In line with the ability possessed by the tutor and the ability of the teacher in managing the learning, there is a significant increase of the test results given. At the pre cycle the percentage of students' completeness of 26.32% increased by 28.95% to 55.26% in cycle I. Similarly in cycle II there was an increase in learning outcomes by 31.58% from 55.25% in cycle I to 86.84% in cycle II. In accordance with the research indicator that the success of this study is seen from 80% of students complete with minimal standart is 75, so this research is said to be successful and stopped in cycle II. Keywords : Peer Tutoring Methods, Activity, Learning Outcomes
DISPOSISI MATEMATIS DAN PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA HUMANIS BAGI MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN MATEMATIKA Jamiah, Yulis
Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika dan IPA Vol 9, No 2 (2018): Juli 2018
Publisher : Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (361.483 KB) | DOI: 10.26418/jpmipa.v9i2.26768

Abstract

ABSTRAKThis research purposed to obtain the overview of mathematical disposition of student mathematics education, especially the students who took number theory subject. In obtaining these overview will be applied by humanis mathematics learning model. The specific purpose of this research are: 1) describe mathematics disposition of the students; 2) describe the process of application model to increase mathematic dispositions of the student; 3) describe the effectiveness of application model. The purposes are achieved through several stages, including: 1) analyze the theoretical; 2) explore the characteristics of a mathematical disposition; (3) identify and analyze problems; (4) reviewing the learning model; (5) applying model to increase mathematic dispositions that based on observation; 6) gives a questionnaire about mathematical disposition; and 7) analyzing the data. The method used in this research is descriptive method. Based on the purpose that disclosed, the results of research: 1) mathematical disposition of the students after the application model, shows 74% very positive attitude; 24% positive attitude; and 2% doubtful attitude; 2) the process of application model that facilitates appearance of a mathematical disposition of the students based on ability cognitive domain, affective domain, and domain skills, showing the criteria very well and good; and 3) the application of humanis mathematics learning model effective to increase mathematics disposition of the students in Number theory subject. Keywords: Humanis Mathematics Learning Model, Mathematical Dispositions
PENGARUH MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING BERBANTUAN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK PADA MATERI FLUIDA STATIS Sulaiman, Sulaiman; Haji, Abdul Gani; Syukri, Muhammad
Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika dan IPA Vol 9, No 2 (2018): Juli 2018
Publisher : Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (340.768 KB) | DOI: 10.26418/jpmipa.v9i2.25830

Abstract

Abstrak Sebagai salah satu sekolah yang menerapkan kurikulum 2013, SMAN 1 Sigli dituntut mampu menggunakan IT dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik. Hal ini merupakan hambatan dalam implementasi kurikulum 2013 di SMAN 1 Sigli, maka perlu menerapkan IT dalam model pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh model PBL berbantuan IT terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik pada materi fluida statis di SMAN 1 Sigli. Metode quasi experiment dengan pretest posttest, control group design yang dilaksanakan di SMAN 1 Sigli tahun pelajaran 2016/2017. Pemilihan sampel dengan teknik random sampling, memilih 2 (dua) dari 5 (lima) kelas yang terdapat di SMAN 1 Sigli. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan soal tes untuk melihat pengaruh model PBL berbantuan IT terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik pada materi fluida statis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil belajar peserta didik mencapai 85% kategori tinggi pada kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol hanya 65%, hasil pengujian hipotesis didapat thitung > ttabel yaitu 2,61 > 1,68. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh model PBL berbantuan IT dalam pembelajaran fisika terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik pada materi fluida statis di SMAN 1 Sigli. Model PBL berbantuan IT dapat diterapkan dalam pembelajaran untuk membuat peserta didik lebih aktif, namun terdapat kelemahan pada kegiatan merumuskan masalah dan berhipotesis. Kata Kunci: PBL berbantuan IT; fluida; hasil belajar. Abstract As one of the schools implementing the 2013 curriculum, SMAN 1 Sigli is required to use IT in improving learners' learning outcomes. This is an obstacle in the implementation of the 2013 curriculum in SMAN 1 Sigli, it is necessary to apply IT in the learning model. This study aims to determine the effect of IT assisted PBL model on student learning outcomes on static fluid material at SMAN 1 Sigli. Quasi experimental method with pretest posttest, control group design implemented in SMAN 1 Sigli in academic year 2016/2017. Selection of sample by random sampling technique, choose 2 (two) from 5 (five) class which is in SMAN 1 Sigli. The data was collected using test questions to see the effect of IT assisted PBL model on students' learning outcomes on static fluid materials. The result of the research shows that the students' learning achievement reaches 85% high category in the experimental class and the control class is only 65%, the result of hypothesis testing is tcount> ttable is 2.61> 1.68. Based on the result of this research, it can be concluded that there is influence of IT assisted PBL model in physics learning toward student learning outcomes on static fluid material at SMAN 1 Sigli. IT-assisted PBL models can be applied in learning to make learners more active, but there are weaknesses in problem-forming and hypothesizing activities. Keywords: IT assisted PBL; fluida; learning outcomes.
CLASSROOM ACTION RESEARCH: PENERAPAN STRATEGI BELAJAR NOTE-TAKING, DISCUSSION, REFLECTIVE (NDR) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MAHASISWA IPA Sabtiawan, Wahyu Budi
Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika dan IPA Vol 9, No 2 (2018): Juli 2018
Publisher : Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (535.282 KB) | DOI: 10.26418/jpmipa.v9i2.26814

Abstract

AbstractOne of the difficulties of science students is learning abstract topics, such as Topic of Atom, Ion, and Molecule. This study aims to solve the difficulty using a learning strategy of Note-Taking, Discussion, Reflective (NDR). Specifically, the purpose of this study is to implement the NDR strategy for increasing students' learning outcomes. The research design is classroom action research. Methods of data collection include observation, tests, and interviews. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of Note taking-Discussion-Reflective strategy can increase the learning outcomes through the implementation of 2 research cycles where in each cycle there are three stages, namely, planning, action, and reflection. The average scores increased from cycle 1 to cycle 2 by 4.2% and a minimum score of completeness of 75 has been achieved in cycle 2. The implementation of learning was at a good and excellent level during cycles 1 and 2. In addition, there were four student's positive response to the implementation of NDR strategy, that is related to discussion activities, note-taking, learning opportunities, and working in groups.Keywords: classroom action research, NDR strategy, learning outcome. 
MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA MENGGUNAKAN ALAT PERAGA Pardossi, Augus
Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika dan IPA Vol 9, No 2 (2018): Juli 2018
Publisher : Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (438.548 KB) | DOI: 10.26418/jpmipa.v9i2.26769

Abstract

Abstract The props are a tool or a complement that the facilitator (teacher) uses to interact with the students. This study aims to know and analyze the increase in activity and learning outcomes of students of class VIII A SMP Negeri 20 Pontianak after learning by using props. This research is a classroom action research consisting of 3 cycles. Each cycle consists of planning, action, observation and reflection. Based on the result of data analysis from the preliminary test results obtained 3 students who are tuntasa (8.33%) and not complete 33 students (91.67%), while the initial activity of students is categorized active 12 Students (33.3%) and inactive 24 students (66.7%). In the first cycle, the average score of 62.97 with the complete category of 17 students (47%) and the unfinished categorization of 19 students (53%) and the active student activity were 26 students (72.2%) and the inactive 10 students (27 , 8%). Cycle II average score 64,53 with complete category of 20 students (55,6%) and categorize is not complete 16 students (44,4%) and active student activity is 32 student (88,89%) and who is not active 4 students (11.11%). While in cycle III the average score 82,28 with complete category 31 students (86,11%) and categorize is not complete 5 student (13,89%) with activity level of student active 100%. Increasing activity and result learn that happened Indicates that the teaching aids learning tools implemented according to the expected learning objectives.Keywords: props, activities, learning outcomes
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN KITOSAN TERHADAP MIKROFLORA SALURAN CERNA ITIK TEGAL Sahara, Eli; Widjastuti, Tuti; Balia, Rostita L; Abun, Abun
Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika dan IPA Vol 9, No 2 (2018): Juli 2018
Publisher : Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (187.77 KB) | DOI: 10.26418/jpmipa.v9i2.25842

Abstract

ABSTRAKKondisi ekologis saluran pencernaan  kondusif berpengaruh terhadap kelancaran metabolisme tubuh.  Keseimbangan mikroflora hidup pada saluran pencernaan itik sangat membantu kelancaran pencernaan nutrien ransum menjadi zat yang lebih sederhana.  Kitosan merupakan jenis serat hewan yang sangat cocok untuk menunjang kehidupan bakteri jenis menguntungkan dalam saluran cerna.  Tujuan penelitian adalah melihat perkembangan mikroflora saluran pencernaan dengan pemberian kitosan.  Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan  4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan.  Masing-masing ulangan terdiri dari 2 ekor itik sebagai satuan percobaan.  Perlakuan adalah R0 = 0% kitosan, R1 = 0,5% kitosan, R2 = 2% kitosan dan R3 = 2,5% kitosan. Peubah yang diukur adalah jumlah total populasi mikroba, jumlah Salmonela dan jumlah E coli saluran pencernaan itik.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian kitosan 0,5% dan 2% memberikan peningkatan  rataan jumlah total mikroba (TPC) pada saluran cerna.  Kitosan juga  menurunkan jumlah E coli saluran cerna serta kandugan Salmonella sp negative(<10 2  ) Kata kunci: Kitosan, mikroflora, saluran cerna, itik Tegal  ABSTRACT Conducive ecological conditions of the digestive tract affect the smooth metabolism of the body. The balance of living microflora in the digestive tract of ducks greatly helps the smooth digestion of nutrients into simpler substances. Chitosan is a type of animal fiber that is potential to support the life of beneficial type bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this research is to see the development of microflora of gastrointestinal tract by giving chitosan. The study used Completely Randomized Design (RAL) with 4 treatments and 5 replications. Each replication consists of 2 ducks as experimental units. The treatment was R0 = 0% chitosan, R1 = 0,5% chitosan, R2 = 2% chitosan and R3 = 2.5% chitosan. The measured variables were total microbial population, number of Salmonella and amount of E coli of duck digestive tract. The results showed that giving of chitosan 0,5% and 2% give increase of total amount of microbe (TPC) in gastrointestinal tract. Chitosan also decreases the amount of E coli gastrointestinal tract and Salmonella sp negative (<102) Keywords: chitosan, microflora, gastrointestinal tract, Tegal duck

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